Such an impact compresses the ball 1.4-1.6 inches, or about 54-62% of its diameter. It is also necessary to warm a ball, because the energy inside it is released. This was added onto another issue we had to The only difference between the balls is that the ball dropped from a higher height gives out more thermal energy. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h1in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h1 after bouncing. The steel has a lot of bounce power due to its better storage of energy. Working out the variation in results shows how accurate the experiment was. Reproduction of material from this website without written permission is strictly prohibited. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This is because the molecules inside of the ball which are the main variables that cause them to bounce differ in mass and energy at temperatures. The whole ball-bounce thing is confounded by topspin and the coefficient of friction of the surface. Try your bounce test in different weather conditions. The ball showed signs of reaching terminal velocity because the drag force began to approach the force gravity exerts upon the mass of the ball. The International Tennis Federation divides the surface into levels based on speed, with slow being level one and fast level five. h1will start at 2m and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10cm. The experiment was conducted well however as the utmost efforts were brought into place to avoid parallax error and it was ensured as far as possible that factors that affected how high the ball bounced, excluding the height, were kept constant throughout the experiment. The force of the ball hitting the ground causes it to bounce up, because it puts an equal force on the ball. Balls change shape during play. Will the air pressure change the bounciness of a ball? carpet, tennis 57 cm 56 cm 61 cm 58 cm If the drag is less the ball will fall faster and is less likely to reach its terminal velocity. Some of the kinetic energy of the ball is lost during the collision with the floor and the ball will not return to the original height. However, it was the basketball Make a line graph of your data. If we will start at 2m and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10cm. For multiple bounces, it's just like dropping the ball again from a reduced height. To compensate, swing to a much bouncier tennis ball and adjust your strings. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. chose balls and surfaces with different hardnesses, textures and compositions in Playing in shade and with a bit of air movement is still a good idea if you want to get some exercise in the sun, but if you play outside in the shade with no breeze, you should stay in a cooler temperature range. The effect of surface on the bounce height of a tennis ball. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. If the KE is the same as they hit the ground the energy stored in the ball as elastic potential energy will be the same also. For the most part, the document is a case study in compulsive precision. Repeat step 5 with all of your other surfaces. order to give a fair experiment. Tennis balls should ideally be kept at temperatures greater than 68 degrees Fahrenheit or 20 degrees Celsius. The tennis balls bounce in different ways. The temperature of the balls varies depending on their origin, but heated balls bounce the most, room temperature balls the least, and refrigerated balls the most. All of the factors that could have affected the results that were uncontrollable could have produced variations between results. Our Experts won't do the work for you, but they will make suggestions, offer guidance, and help you troubleshoot. This experiment requires a ball that will bounce and a meter stick or other measuring device. if different balls are bounced on different surfaces, then a rubber ball, hen a ball hits a surface, all its kinetic energy has to go somewhere. Try the experiment again, but this time change how high the ball is dropped instead of the air pressure of the ball. Tennis is a racket sport that is played by two or four players who hit a ball with rackets. Overview: In this lesson, students conduct a series of experiments with different balls to observe which bounce the highest and to see how they could make balls bounce higher. The weight and material of the ball will be kept the same throughout the experiment by using the same ball. The coefficient to restitution can be found out from a graph of, it follows the gradient of the graph change in h. . Experiment 2 is for testing the effect of air pressure. hard ball made of rubber should bounce the highest on a concrete surface, which As the height from which the ball was dropped from was increased, the GPE energy that the ball possessed before being dropped also increased. The results of the experiment were obtained with a method that ensured that every drop was under similar conditions which ensured a fair test. by Jonah Lehrer on September 8, 2011. he official rule book of tennis is 35 pages long. I plan to collect at least ten results as this will make the conclusion and graph I am able to draw from the experiment more accurate than if I had less results than ten. Grades: Preschool and K-2. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h, in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h, As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. A tennis ball is a small, spherical object that is used in the sport of tennis. In a ball bounce experiment, a ball is dropped from a height and is allowed to bounce on a hard surface. This is a result of the Now work out the average of the tennis ball rebound height by adding all of the measurements for the tennis ball rebound height up and then dividing the . For the higher heights the distance from h1 to h2 was almost a meter which meant it was difficult to get eye level from h1 to h2 to accurately in a short amount of time. Let the ball bounce until it stops, and then stop recording. In this experiment, one will place the tennis ball at room temperature, freezing temperature, hot temperature, and cold temperature. Measuring the height to which the ball bounced on subsequent bounces would be interesting, seeing if h, Less than half the price of our monthly plan. The reliability of our experiment wasn't so strong. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Why Does One Tennis Shoe Pull Your Sock Down? Increased energy and movement results in a bounce. Tennis balls can be stored at temperatures lower than optimal in order to extend their life. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. h2= The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. As there is more GPE more energy is converted into KE (The ball is going faster, KE=1/2mv. By conducting our experiment, we learnt that well-inflated rubber balls bounce the The combination of the material properties of a ball (surface textures, actual materials, amount of air, hardness/ softness, and so on) affects the height of its bounce. harder surfaces will ultimately bounce a ball higher. Use the pencil and ruler to connect the incoming and outgoing trajectories of the marble to the point where the marble bounced off the wood. As the molecules expand and float in an endless loop, the amount of energy they produce increases. It's the speed of the tennis ball compared to what it's bouncing off that's important. Experiment Click the following buttons to skip to a page. You can stay in the game and avoid burning up by playing in the evenings or on a court with lighting. When the ball hits the floor and stops, that energy has to go somewhere. Introduction: . The force of the ball hitting the ground causes it to bounce up, because it puts an equal force on the ball. Take a ball and place it on the 150 cm line and drop it. I used a Flexible measuring tape to measure. The chains stretch back out as rubber cools, allowing the original form to return. To determine how high a tennis ball will bounce when dropped from a . Science Buddies Staff. Therefore, harder surfaces will ultimately bounce a ball higher. Although we had all these challenges, Then draw a line to connect the dots. This means that not all the GPE is converted into KE as it would have been if the ball had been dropped in a vacuum. According to our background research, a Once the ball hits the ground, its displacement is momentarily zero. Then when it bounces up, it returns to its original shape. didn't catch the ball on time before it went back down to the ground, we would get Do you have specific questions about your science project? The equipment necessary to generate these conditions was not available and as a result the results obtained were not one hundred percent accurate. This will be called the average of the middle three repeats. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Why does Rafael Nadal do so well on the clay? Why a ball bounces: The ball's energy is matched by the ground it hits. If the ball bounces up more than .5 meter then, it is more elastic. Write each measurement in the data table. Obviously, a ball won't bounce as high on carpet. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". They are typically softer, allowing them to give them a little more space and make them easier to hit. (2020, January 12). Do you have specific questions about your science project? When the ball is pulled toward the ground, gravity slows it down so that it doesn't bounce as many times. This is longer than the 5-8 ms ball bounce from a solid surface or racquet. Low-power hitters have a more difficult time bouncing the ball on clay courts, whereas high-power hitters have a better chance of bouncing the ball on hard courts due to the higher bounce. Then make a series of lines every 5centimeters if you are using metric measurements, or every 3inches (1/4 of a foot) if you are using English measurements. However if two results are recorded that do not fit the trend of other results nor are close to results recorded for that height then the experiments accuracy would be brought into doubt. surface bounces a ball the highest. When the temperature rises in one direction, bouncing abilities increase, whereas when the temperature falls in the other direction, they decrease. 2. Five repeats were done as it was deemed that an average of the middle three was reasonably accurate. changing air density, temperature. An increase in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. EQUIPMENT: 1 metre ruler 1 table tennis ball. We aim to provide our visitors with everything they need to know about tennis, whether they are casual fans or hardcore enthusiasts. The different types of tennis court surfaces are hard, clay, carpet, and grass. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. A glass ball will bounce higher than a rubber ball if it doesnt break. Write your measurements down. This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. As the ball flattening upon impact with the floor is not visible as it happens so quickly it would be almost impossible to measure the size of the ball on impact with the floor. This means that the higher h. will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. The bounce should be between 53 and 58 inches. Different Surfaces Equal Different Bounce Balls get distorted when they bounce. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The temperature of a tennis ball can affect its bounce height. There is a chance that you will bounce. Calculating the coefficient to restitution of ball hitting the floor: The coefficient to restitution can be found out from a graph of h1against h2. Cold balls tend to have a bouncier texture. A tennis balls trajectory is determined by its temperature. Please wait while we set up your subscription TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: King's College London, Newcastle University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, WJEC, AQA, OCR and Edexcel, Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity, Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, Moniza Alvi: Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, Changing Materials - The Earth and its Atmosphere, Fine Art, Design Studies, Art History, Crafts, European Languages, Literature and related subjects, Linguistics, Classics and related subjects, Structures, Objectives & External Influences, Global Interdependence & Economic Transition, Acquiring, Developing & Performance Skill, Sociological Differentiation & Stratification. Gather 15 to 20 tennis balls and a measuring tape. it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. The strength of Nadals forehand is what makes him so good on clay. The Graph on page 23 shows that all of the results were very close together. When the ball deforms, its molecules are stretched apart in some places and squeezed together in others. Therefore the heavier the ball is, the faster its terminal velocity. When dropped on a solid surface, not even a super ball bounces back as high as its initial height, but some balls do bounce a lot better than others. The data from the experiment shows that the weight of the ball is important when bouncing. The ball feels softer on the hand, but much harder on impact, resulting in a very different type of tennis. As the ball hits the blades of grass, they bend and don't provide as much upward rebound. Determine how high the ball rebounds on its first bounce. Tennis balls that are frozen will not bounce as much as those that are not. Focus. A hard surface, such as concrete, absorbs less energy compared with a soft surface, such as a carpeted floor. Carefully climb the ladder with the ball. This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. The longer it takes to stop, the higher it bounces to. or carpet. Therefore the energy that the ball hits the floor with = mh, The proportion of energy lost when ball hits the floor = The Coefficient to the restitution of the two objects (C, All of the energy that the ball leaves the floor with is converted back into GPE, If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h, can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore C. The clamp stand will be clamped down to the desk using a g-clamp to prevent it falling over and causing possible injuries. Do five drops on your first surface. Use two people to measure the results; one person to drop the ball and one to measure the height to which it reaches after bouncing. As there is more KE, more energy is converted into elastic potential energy, As there is more elastic potential energy, more energy is converted back into KE energy. The more KE the ball leaves the floor with the longer it takes to stop due to the force of gravity and return back to the floor again. Then they would be dropped from a table, and the height would be measured. : an American History (Eric Foner), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), 4-3 Assignment Project Management Strategies. Ball trial 1 trail 2 trial 3 average Our team of volunteer scientists can help. will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. All rights reserved. Keep releasing pressure and repeating the experiment until the ball no longer bounces. Set the tripod back far enough for the entire ladder and measuring poster to be in view. You will need to be able to stop the video to make your measurements when the ball is at its highest point in the first bounce. This means that KE is the same for both balls when each ball hits the ground. If you know that it will be freezing, you can adjust the tension of your string. discovered that there is a handful of information that would assist my partner and I We could have improved this An increase in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in an increase in m g h1 which results in an increase in GPE. A totally accurate experiment would have a variation between results equal to zero however an experiment that is totally accurate needs to be conducted under conditions where air pressure and temperature remained constant, error produced by the ball falling on different parts of the linoleum floor tile (which was not totally even and thus produces inaccurate results) and human error removed by dropping the ball onto a uniform surface and using machinery to record the height to which the ball bounced to. What material makes a ball bounce higher? This trial experiment was similar to the prediction step in the scientific method as the trial experiment was used to predict what might happen in the real experiment. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. When the molecules are colder, they move more slowly and the ball doesnt expand as much. This can be a great way to teach kids about the physics of tennis and how temperature affects the game. faced. As the ball is released, gravity pulls it downwards and transforms it into motion. It does not store any personal data. On the cardboard, mark the starting point, the point where the marble strikes the wood, and a point along the marble's path as it rolls away from the wood. Tennis cannot be played at a certain temperature; however, 70-90 degrees Fahrenheit is ideal. The procedure allowed me to observe the affects of the height from which a table tennis ball was dropped from upon the height to which it bounced. To a wider range of results i.e. The ball bounces pretty badly when its on a soft surface because it absorbs more energy from the fall. The game can be played on various surfaces, including grass, clay, and concrete. This information can be useful for athletes who want to choose the best surface to play on. Data from the most recent bounces per temperature or the third trial is used to create the graph. highest on hard, smooth surfaces. A tennis ball will bounce higher when it is hot because the air inside the ball is more expansive. experiment. This is why it h2will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. It provided me with five repeats so that the maximum and minimum results could be discounted and a reliable average could be taken. The surface onto which the ball is dropped upon will be kept the same. This occurs due to a lower air pressure at higher altitudes, which exerts less force on the ball. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Aim:To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. For our wind situation, one of us stood in the direction that the breeze The exact interval will be determined after the preliminary experiment, as will the number of heights that the ball will be dropped from. from the ball, therefore causing it to bounce higher than it normally would on dirt Its a great way to get some exercise while also getting some quality time with friends. The trip is going to be thoroughly enjoyable. These two results were excluded when averages were being calculated and therefore the average variation between results used for calculating the average was even less than 3cm. The height of the ball at each bounce is then calculated. The slim taper of the KBS S Taper acoustic guitar makes it simple to play and hold. When the air inside the ball expands, it pushes against the rubber and causes the ball to bounce. Graph 1. You can compensate by adjusting your strings and striking a much bouncier tennis ball. To be consistent, again measure to the bottom of the ball. stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. GPE=Mass (kg) Gravitational Field Strength (N/Kg) Height (m). These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Science Buddies Staff. Doherty, P., 1991. The higher the ball goes, the more GPE it ends up with. This is because the higher the starting height of the ball, the higher the ball's potential energy. Also the facts that there were no anomalies and that all of the points were very close to the line of best fit show that the experiment was relatively accurate. This means that the higher h1the more h2will differ from the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. Materials 1. If you're playing under 68 degrees, it's a good idea to make sure the ball doesn't bounce too much. Method: 1. The acceleration due to gravity causes the ball to change direction and start moving downwards at stage 2. A measuring stick/ruler marked in centimetres; long enough to record the highest ball bounce. Above this point the height all balls will bounce to will not be directly proportional to the height they are dropped from, but the increase in the height they bounce to will increase more slowly in proportion to the height they are dropped from compared to the increase between lower heights before the ball shows signs of approaching its terminal velocity before it hits the ground. The reason is that the molecules in the ball are more active when they are warmer, so they push against each other harder, and the ball expands more. In the heat, the molecules are more active, so the ball can bounce higher . If the mass of the ball is heavier the weight is heavier (weight = mg) and downward force acting upon the ball is greater as well. use four meter sticks and go right the way up to four meters. Parallax error will be avoided by dropping the ball one time that will not be measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. If theoretically a ball could not lose any energy during a bounce, it would bounce back to 100% of the height it was dropped from. Concrete4. These both support my prediction and show that my prediction was correct. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. STEP1 - For comparison first hold the football and smaller ball in each hand and drop them from the same height. are from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. Acrylic-topped, this surface offers the most consistent ball bounce of all the outdoor tennis courts. This means it will be travelling the same speed when it hits the ground. Some balls to try are: soccer, basketball, volleyball, golf, tennis, or handball. One way to do this is to put the ball in a bowl of hot water for a few minutes. Tennis balls bounce differently in the high altitude and at sea. The Swiss like to get points over and done with in a short period of time. B. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. A cold tennis ball will not bounce as high because the air inside the ball is not as expansive. Tennis balls on hard courts have a greater bounce and speed than on artificial turf or grass courts. Why Tennis Balls Bounce. quicker and on time before they dropped back down. - Measuring tape x Measuring tape 3. Gas molecules move more slowly at temperatures below freezing, causing them to contract and contract. Place the tape measurer against the edge of a wall using the bluetack 3. Does the weather make a difference? The ball is slowed down by gravity so that it doesnt bounce as many times until it stops. Aim: to find out which surface bounces a ball the highest. The reason balls bounce is quite advanced science. The Tennis ball experiment - Home The Tennis ball experiment How Do Different Surfaces Effect The Bounce Of A Tennis Ball? This can be explained by two factors. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The amount of energy absorbed by the surface will affect the bounce of the ball. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Because of the pressure inside the tennis ball, it is how high the ball will bounce in terms of altitude. Friday - 25/04/14 Make a line at the top to indicate where you will drop the ball from, so that it will be the same for each test. The results are shorter rallies and quicker points. When the rubber ball hits the ground it gets compressed, or squished, and because it is very elastic, it quickly returns to its original shape. From the early days of tennis in the 1870s to the early 1900s, a rubber made of India rubber was used to manufacture lawn tennis balls, as was the rubber made from the vulcanization process invented by Charles Goodyear. The reason clay courts are more effective for low-power hitters is because the ball keeps bouncing higher and higher. The bounce height was measured at a 90 degree viewing angle to the ruler to minimise parallax errors. CR can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore CRcan be found without knowing v22or v12. The drag force increases as the ball goes faster. The bouncing of a tennis ball on a tennis court surface is analysed by making several simplifying assumptions about the physics of the interaction. - Rubber ball x however, by bringing a ladder or stool to catch the balls perfectly on time. Now use your data table to plot points on the graph. Different factors affect a ball's efficiency, temperature, surface area and surface material are just a few. Fully pump up the basketball and check the pressure with the pressure gauge. Launch Related Video : The Hawk Factor. rubber ball would bounce the highest on concrete. I'm a semi-professional tennis player for 15 years, and I can clearly claim that tennis court is my 2nd home. A ball bounces in an arc, so measure the height at the top of the arc of the first bounce. As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. Balls bounce in ways that are affected by gravity. Therefore the ball ends up with more GPE, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s. The ball weighs exactly 2.5g. It therefore hits more air particles each second and so the force of drag is bigger the faster the ball goes. Note whether the ball and surface showed more of an elastic or inelastic collision. For instance result 3 from 200cm was an anomaly but was not taken into account when taking the average of the middle three. [accessed August 4, 2006]. Drop each ball from a distance of 1 meter onto the surface and record how high it bounces in meters (Example: .46 meters). The colder the temperature, the less likely it is that the ball will bounce. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. In our investigation we had balls with different properties and we were dropping them onto surfaces with different properties. On a grass tennis court, e y varies from about 0.6 to 0.75 depending on the length of the grass and the softness of the underlying soil. Bending Plant Roots with Gravity Lesson Plan Introduction. Therefore any change to the height from which the ball starts with affects the height to which it bounces to. Why do golf balls bounce so high on concrete? My partner and Is experiment which surface bounces a ball the highest? This is because the experiment is a very short and simple one to carry out and if conducted efficiently can be completed easily within the time span allowed for collecting evidence.
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