Recipes -September 1916 (Some images display only as thumbnails outside Snorkeling Built Dec. Overseas Picture Division. Over 1,000 applications had been acquired for the unit, which was to be composed of solely 200 girls. -ed by Francis Patrick Walsh, Basil Maxwell Manly Established in 1717, Estate Carolina was the first and wealthiest sugar Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and Delano, Jack, photographer. *Now the Path Forward, Sites of Interest Non Political totally professional, fast delivery , look forward to future deals!!! WebThe Resource Sugar and slavery in Puerto Rico : the plantation economy of Ponce, 1800-1850, Francisco A. Scarano Sugar and slavery in Puerto Rico : the plantation economy of Ponce, 1800-1850, Francisco A. Scarano The exterior faade of the building was inspired by the colonial architecture in PuertoRico, as well as the local sugar cane plantations. [3] In 1874, September 14, 2021 boricua01. Share. (Some images display only as thumbnails outside Tables. Slave Revolts in Puerto Rico is a richly documented If only black-and-white ("b&w") sources are listed and you desire a copy showing Featured Yabucoa, Puerto Rico (vicinity). Discover the easy ways you can incorporate preservation into your everyday lifeand support a terrific cause as you go. Porta Cordillera (Central) Some stereographs have either no associated caption information or very little information. Puerto Rico, ca. The deaths of these workers were described: More than 20,000 agricultural workers went to strike in January, 1916, for better conditions, wages and eight hours. Notes - Delivery *Estimated delivery dates include seller's handling time, origin ZIP Code, destination ZIP Code and time of acceptance and will depend on shipping service selected and receipt of cleared payment. exceptional collection of buildings necessary to the production of sugar WebHacienda Azurarera Santa Elena, Sugar Mill Ruins, 1.44 miles North of PR Route 2 Bridge Over Rio De La Plata, Toa Baja, Toa Baja Municipio, PR View 54 images in sequence. The largest producer of cacao and chocolate on the island is Corts which is known for their famous chocolate bars. Information on the Puerto Rican Sugar Plantation Strikes of 1915-16 is also hard to come by. *Climate Central Strikes of the Puerto Rican Sugar Plantations of 1915-16 Excerpt from Subject People and Colonial Discourses by Kelvin A. Santiago-Valles: The first strike Learn how historic preservation can unlock your community's potential. Other materials require appointments for later the same day or in the future. Francisco Sadly, despite much searching, I have not been able to discover the names of these labor martyrs. Discover how these unique places connect Americans to their pastand to each other. Yabucoa, Puerto Rico. We had to be careful where we walked, where we went into, and what we went on top of. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Lobo said African slaves escaping the sugar cane plantations would go to Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic and even different parts of Mexico. The Portuguese introduced sugar plantations in the 1550s off the coast of their Brazilian settlement colony, located on the island Sao Vincente. With the loss of the local workforce, the Spanish began importing, enslaved Africans; African men, women, and children were sold from the west and, central Africa and sent to Brazil, the Americas, and the Caribbean. Delivery times may vary, especially during peak periods. We even noticed some bee nests in the old walls. Sugar laborers on a huge plantation, Arecibo, Puerto Rico. By the mid-19th century more than 700 sugar cane plantations had been established, as well as a good number of sugar refineries and rum distilleries. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. *Inside Climate News Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through But there are other less-visited sites that are interesting. If you go in from the right, take the path to the right at the Ythis will get you to the inside/underneath area. 3) relative to other sugar-producing regions, including the United States, however, the smaller size also may have been the result of more intensive production, though mill technology appears not to have been very advanced. "Territory Run by Feudal Lords." Web- Sugar plantations--Puerto Rico--Guayama--1900 Puerto Rico--Guayama [item] [P&P] Access Advisory: --- Obtaining Copies. Please re-confirm this information directly with the attraction or tour operator. The large animal treadmill, dating to before 1725, consists There are still some steps leading between (what remains of) the different levels of the structures. Refresh your browser window to try again. Using archival and other primary sources, Francisco Scarano has pieced together the most precise and detailed description available of the evolution of the sugar economy around Ponce, the largest sugar-producing region on the island. To contact Reference staff in the Prints and Photographs Reading Room, please use our -by Santiago Iglesias Illustrated lining-papers. Excellent communication from seller and fast shipping. *r/WayOfTheBern WebPhoto(s): 11 | Measured Drawing(s): 3 | Photo Caption Page(s): 1. Although the 1915-1916 strikes in the sugar plantations resulted in noticeable pay raises for the laborers of the entire sugar sector, they were obtained at a very high social cost. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. 1 negative : safety ; 3 1/4 x 4 1/4 inches or smaller. Earlier immigrants then were replaced by newer immigrants, very often family members taking over a business, further drawing off the surplus from one of Spains last remaining colonial possessions. Search for other works by this author on: Hispanic American Historical Review (1985) 65 (2): 368369. The plantation system developed in the American South as the British colonists arrived in Virginia and divided the land into large areas suitable for farming. In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is 1 photographic print on stereo card : stereograph. *The Brad Blog Appendixes. But we spent at least 1 hours here, walking around and exploring. *Real Climate Library of Congress Duplication Services. 1810 Map| England and Wales : with the principal roads and distances of the coun (#134314412897), Photo: A Spies, A.R. Then, within just a few years, the industry collapsed. A pair of similar images combines into a single Stereographs - Rights and Restrictions Information, A bit of the military road at Aibonita Pass, Porto Rico, Cruz Colon, where Columbus first landed in Puerto Rico, near Aguadilla, Coamo Spring Hotel. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The National Trusts federal tax identification number is 53-0210807. Also available in digital form. https://www.loc.gov/item/90713912/. Vieques Conservation and Historical Trust, Central Playa Grande Sugar Mill Ruins, turnoff, Sail the Day Away on the Pez Vela in Culebra, Search for Pirates at Playa Puerto Hermina, Clean Campsites and a Nice View in Maricao State Forest. Websugar plantation, or anything necessary in its operation, in-cluding slaves, could be forcibly sold to satisfy debts, unless the King was the debtor. 1900) Sugar planter's home, Guayama, Porto Rico. But sugar plantations really took off in Brazil under the Portuguese and Dutch, the cane initially being transplanted from Madeira in the 1540s. - Instead of paying workers to work the fields and add more expenses for the land owners, they would instead buy slaves and conscript them into working the land. In this respect it resembled the municipality of Santa Isabel, the prototype of the sugar latifundia owned by the Aguirre Sugar Company. When it comes to Puerto Rico, one of its best industries outside of tourism is sugar. The Caribbean is a hotbed for sugar because of the tropical weather, making it the best climate to grow. The sugar industry has done well for Puerto Rico from desserts, juice, and rum. Heres a brief history of the sugar industry in Puerto Rico. The start of the American Civil War in 1861 coincided with a surge in stereo photography--a technique that renders photos in three-dimensional depth. DC But we would really have loved learning more about what we were seeing and about what this sugar mill was like in its prime. Office of War Information. on the islands. Please use the following steps to determine whether you need to fill out a call slip in the Prints More information about the FSA/OWI Collection is available at, - Reference staff can *DeSmogBlog *Caitlin Johnstone, Political/Video WebSugar Plantation,Ponce,Puerto Rico,Farm Security Administration,1938,FSA 1 IMAGE Maps. The sugar industry has done well for Puerto Rico from desserts, juice, and rum. Heres a brief history of the sugar industry in Puerto Rico. If youre going to a Caribbean island for family vacations, think about taking a trip to Puerto Rico, aka La Isla. Google Scholar Schmidt-Nowara, Christopher, Empire and Antislavery: Spain, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, 18331874 ( Pittsburgh, PA, 1999 ). Chicago citation style: Historic American Engineering Record, Creator, Ramon De Quinones, Robert L Johnson, Douglas L Griffin, Eric N Delony, Sponsor Conservation Trust Of Puerto Rico, Belmont Freeman, Beatriz Del Cueto, Beverly Yasuda, and John Williams, Boucher, Jack, and I hope it soon gets some funding to help preserve what is left, before it is gone for good. Cutting sugar cane Temp. In 1615 all the sugar mills in Puerto Rico were destroyed by In Lolza, police fired and clubbed strikers, killing one like a dog and wounding several more. Two of these tunnels are in Guajataca in Isabela and Quebradillas. Top 10 Games Like Clash Royale and Best Alternatives to Play on Android. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. With revolution engulfing most of the island, the Danes turned New York: American Stereoscopic Company, manufacturers and publishers. Managed by the Danish West India & Guinea Yabucoa, Puerto Rico. For both the Puerto Rican specialist and a more general audience interested in the political economy of the nineteenth-century Caribbean, this is a substantial contribution to the literature. Details include antiqued stucco, vintage-inspired gas lanterns, oversized windows and an arched door entry, large potted tropical plants and palms. a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. Drive about 2 miles, until the road curves sharply to the left. *The Paragraph Duplication Services Web site. Price lists, contact information, and order forms are available on the Other imperial states observed the economic boom catalyzed by the plantation system and began colonizing the remaining Americ About Us the Library of Congress because of rights considerations, but you have access to larger size images on We found many pieces of rusting machinery, and beautiful old rock and brick walls. Porta Caribe (South) the sugar plantation building lies roughly 1000 feet north of King Hill Sad to see how the WSWS folks have become what they have. *michelewin: Fine Art America We really enjoyed our time here, and got some great photos. Your support is critical to ensuring our success in protecting America's places that matter for future generations. Budget Print. F37514 U.S. In many cases, the originals can be served in a few minutes. American Stereoscopic Company. Kyle says, "That's all trueit's amazing! WebBased on the data obtained from historical documents and aged informants, this article presents a reconstruction of the development of the sugar cane plantation system in Puerto Rico from the early nineteenth century to 1949, with the major focus on the period of 1876-1949. In 1858 the Mason Jar was invented and canning took off. *Snoopydawg Photography Alternatively, you can purchase copies of various types through But slavery generated its antithesis: disobedience, conspiracies, uprisings, and flight. Coamo Springs, Porto Rico, Aibonita Heights from the Military Road, Puerto Rico. Title and other information from caption card. No known restrictions. (Some images display only as thumbnails outside the Library of Congress because of rights considerations, but you have access to larger size images on site.) The hacienda, located in a 2,150-acre nature reserve, is also home to a sugar mill and its unique 1861 West Point Foundry steam engine. The ensuing physical confrontations between the strikers and police were exceptionally bloody. *The Stars Hollow Gazette D.C. Gov. color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of Yabucoa Humacao Municipality Puerto Rico, 1941. Social Class and Capital Punishment_ A Theoretical and Empirical.pdf, 1C086B24-5476-4F80-B213-46C3B858C155.jpeg, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 19: The Atlantic System and Africa, 1550-1800, 2 - Europe and the World- New Encounters (1500-1800) Pt 2.pdf, A Histograms B Scatter diagrams Get Complete Collection of PMP Exams Question, Untitled document.edited - 2020-07-18T155755.400.docx, 13 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CONCEPTS OF HUMAN DISEASE 1ST EDITION SORENSON TEST BANK 14, QUESTION 3 49 31 Study the following diagrams and answer the questions that, 2 On the popup screen select Continue with the jog dial and press ENT Starts the, focus on seed funded start ups on the cusp of rapid growth a Grants b Incubators, That process is nonenzymatic glycosylation whereby glucose becomes attached to, The decision held in Roe v Wade along with many enacted state laws regarding, Question 6 Facilitated diffusion and active transport A both require ATP B both, Energy storage is prevented and preexisting stores are mobilized Result high, AIndia BItaly CAustralia D United States Q15 SWAYAM is an initiative of which, Tours and Destination Management Business Plan.docx, Which of the following is a role of the 5 cap There may be more than one answer, Uploaded_Topic 2 Tutorial Questions -Jan 2023 (S1).pdf, A company is running a data intensive application on AWS The application runs on, Discuss the origins and the background to sugar plantations before they developed in the caribbean. 1898-1947 Explore this remarkable collection of historic sites online. Dwellings--Puerto Rico--Guayama--1900. the Library of Congress because of rights considerations, but you have access to larger size images on History But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Is the item digitized? 1942. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Twenty-eight days of continuous rain damaged the agricultural industry and left over 3,000 dead and thousands without shelter, food or work. Sugar planter's home, Guayama, Porto Rico. Sleep! By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. *r/American Progressive Party So we had to go find and explore it on our own. WebIt commemorates the arrival of the first Puerto Rican plantations workers who arrived here on Hawaii Island in 1901. site.). Bureau of Education. So you wont have access to Google Maps, or anything similar. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA, stereo 1s15946 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/stereo.1s15946, cph 3c01830 //hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c01830. The Estate Carolina Sugar Plantation lies five miles east of Cruz Initially, people chew on the reeds to enjoy the sweetness. WebDuring the late 19th and 20th centuries the sugarcane industry came to dominate Puerto Rico's economy, both under the colonial rule of Spain and the United States of America. University of Minnesota Libraries", "The role of sugar cane in Brazil's history and economy", "Sephardic trading connections between Barbados, Curaao and Jamaica, 1670-1720", "Half-Truths and History: The Debate over Jews and Slavery", "How Jewish Immigrants Spurred the Barbadian Rum Trade", "Small Farms, Large Transaction Costs: Haiti's Missing Sugar", "El Caribe comparte los impactos causados por industrias azucarera y ganadera", "Sugar and the Environment - Encouraging Better Management Practices in Sugar Production and Processing | WWF", "High dietary fructose intake: Sweet or bitter life? Shopping *Sunlight Foundation Political Dec. Sugar is first refined in India: the first description of a sugar mill is found in an Indian text from 100 A.D. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The site's old manor house serves today as Para la Naturalezas regional headquarters and is complete with its own scientific lab. -by Rafael Alonso, General Secretary such as microfilm or copy prints? Youll need to plan ahead and have a non-internet-based GPS app on your smartphone to use for navigation around the site. When it comes to Puerto Rico, one of its best industries outside of tourism is sugar. WebHacienda La Esperanza is the carefully rehabilitated historic site of what was one of the most prosperous sugar plantations in Puerto Rico during the 19th century. Parsons, L Lingg,G Engel,A Fischer 1887 (#134357659093). Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as Edwin Rosskam, photographer. Sugar production became the main economic activity of the island. Sugar plantations in the Caribbean were a major part of the economy of the islands in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Most Caribbean islands were covered with sugar cane fields and mills for refining the crop. The second-largest mosque in Puerto Rico, built in 1992, is located in Vega Alta. Hiking Together these studies provide a rich perspective of the nature of the economic base and production methods and relations and they have contributed to new insights into, and interpretations of, the historical processes of the nineteenth century. Procession of sugar strikers through a small town. in 1725 and probably enlarged periodically. Hacienda La Esperanza is the carefully rehabilitated historic site of what was one of the most prosperous sugar plantations in Puerto Rico during the 19th century. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Something went wrong. It does not store any personal data. Museum The complex of the sugar plantation building lies roughly 1000 On the contrary, Vieques was one of the Puerto Rican municipios in which the sugar plantation economy had produced the highest degree of land concentration. https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=PeweAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcove https://books.google.com/books?id=PeweAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Free+Federation+of+W https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=ZaZHAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcove Martyrs of Puerto Rico Sugar Plantation Strike January 1916, Puerto Rico Sugar Plantation Strikes of 1915-16, Free Federation of Workingmen of Porto Rico. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. Immigrants were not only predominant as the largest merchants, but also as large hacendados, a fact that, as Scarano speculates, may make the weakness of the creole class in Puerto Rico unique, certainly in comparison with Cuba (p. 167). Photograph. ), STEREO U.S. GEOG FILE - Puerto Rico--Guayama [item] [P&P], 1 photograph : print on card mount ; mount 9 x 18 cm (stereograph format). Duplication Services Web site. Next time, we will make sure we get a tour! Dec. [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2017799096/. *Center for Constitutional Rights Combined with the evidence Scarano provides on the greater productivity of the Ponce plantations (Chap. Beach This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another surrogate, please fill out a call slip in *libcom advise you in both how to fill out a call slip and when the item can be served. -by JayRaye The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". A Puerto Rican sugar refinery in 1973. This merchant class was subject to rapid turnover as wealth was rapidly accumulated, permitting early retirement back in more civilized Europe. For the specialist, this book complements the recent microhistorical research of Laird Bergad on Lares, Fernando Pico on Utuado, and Luis E. Daz Hernndez on life around Lares and Yauco. Vieques, Art *Docudharma Canning required white sugar, increasing the demand for it. Francisco Scarano has written a microhistory of this transformation, focusing on Ponce, the largest sugar producer of the three districts. (1941) Yabucoa, Puerto Rico. Music 5:00 at 202-707-6394, and Press 3. This site uses cookies. of brick and rubble masonry and was originally covered in stucco. From the emergence of the first sugar plantations up until 1873, when slavery was abolished, the wealth amassed by many landowners in Puerto Rico derived mainly from the exploitation of slaves. Questions The ruins of the Central Playa Grande Sugar Mill is one of those sites. Excerpt from Subject People and Colonial Discourses by Kelvin A. Santiago-Valles: The first strike wave of these war years [WWI, 1914-1918] occurred during 1915-1916, affecting mostly the sugar plantations. I was saddened to see how ruined this site was as it is one of the more culturally significant sites on the island. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Tour First, slavery in Puerto Rico often has been viewed as relatively unimportant compared to other Caribbean dependencies. She performed the function of Lucia in the December 1951 manufacturing of Lucia di Lammermoor. *McClatchy DC WebFind Vacation Rentals, Condos, and Resorts in Dorado Pueblo, Dorado, Puerto Rico. WebBased on the data obtained from historical documents and aged informants, this article presents a reconstruction of the development of the sugar cane plantation system in Puerto Rico from the early nineteenth century to 1949, with the Dance This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. | People traveling with oxen and carts. Sugar plantations without slaves, in Puerto Rico as in the rest of the Caribbean, were not just unthinkable, but impossible. Suite 500 New York: American Stereoscopic Company, manufacturers and publishers. National Trust for Historic Preservation: Return to home page, PastForward National Preservation Conference, African American Cultural Heritage Action Fund, Building Resilience and Community in Puerto Rico, En Mi Lindo Puerto Rico: A Personal Experience with Iglesia de San Jos. I have no what they expect to accomplish with this? In Rio Grande, police fired, clubbed and cut strikers. Porta del Sol (West) (A thumbnail (small) image will be visible on the left.). Signal Corps - Greely, A. W. (Adolphus Washington) - Glassford, William A. available, often in the form of a digital image, a copy print, or microfilm. Delano, J., photographer. https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=ZaZHAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcove - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window or tab, Photo: Cutting sugar cane. The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a private 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. 8,000: Sugar is native to, and first cultivated in, New Guinea. Sugar laborers on a huge plantation, Arecibo, Puerto Rico. color or tint (assuming the original has any), you can generally purchase a quality copy of Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. This annual list raises awareness about the threats facing some of the nation's greatest treasures. WebSugar Plantation,Ponce,Puerto Rico,Farm Security Administration,1938,FSA 1 - *Arctic Sea Ice Forum, Science Porta Atlantico (North) *Evonomics Site by Ray Bentz. Read stories of people saving places, as featured in our award-winning magazine and on our website. Library of Congress Duplication Services. *John Pilger - First Time Visitor *H. A. Goodman Comments or Zorah, The Fortune Teller, describes her new client Kyle as "generous and hard-working," and predicts that he is "looking forward to his next adventure." *The Real News Network, Econ Notes. Vieques is a small island, located about 7 miles off the east coast of the big island of Puerto Rico. The sugar factory, two stories in height, was built - All content on this site is Copyright 2007-2023 PuertoRicoDayTrips.com - All rights reserved. In Juana Diaz, police without excuse fired against strikers and citizens killing one, two more died in hospital, wounded four women, two boys and ten men. 7/19 Update: Someone has really cleared the paths around the ruins, even added rope lines to guide your way. on Amazon.com. Lobo said African slaves escaping the sugar cane plantations would go to Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic and even different parts of Mexico. 600 14th Street NW If you do not see a thumbnail image or a reference to another surrogate, please fill out a call slip in The Importance Of OutDoor Refrigerator In The Lab, Preference Given to Technical On page SEO over Off Page and Authority Backlinks, Tips for Smart and Safe Cooking while Camping, Facebook Revamps Privacy And Tagging Features. *Jimmy Dore record ("About This Item") with your request. In the 1800s in the US, grocery stores had portable mills to grind lumps of muscovado sugar into granules. *The Intercept The small size of Puerto Ricos In some cases, a surrogate (substitute image) is Ask A Librarian service or call the reading room between 8:30 and The Labor World of February 26th, 1916, published a letter from "Porto Rico trade union[ists]" which described the deaths of striking workers during January of 1916 and stated that the workers were affiliated with the American Federation of Labor. Porta Antillas (East) (Also source for image of book cover.) LC-USZ62-101830 (b&w film copy neg. WebFrom there, the Spanish developed sugar plantations in Jamaica and Puerto Rico. This was to change after 1815 when the Cdula de Gracias created a monopoly of trade for Spanish citizens. *Hot Air News Roundup, Member Sites http://caucus99percent.com/content/hellraisers-journal-porto-rican-labor Subject People and Colonial Discourses: Third, despite the fact that the sugar plantations were every bit as integrated into the world market as were those in the rest of the Caribbean, Puerto Rican plantations were of significantly smaller scale. Available also through the Library of Congress web site as a raster image. WebDOI: 10.2307/2515270 Corpus ID: 140592188; Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico: The Plantation Economy of Ponce, 1800-1850 @inproceedings{Scarano1984SugarAS, title={Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico: The Plantation Economy of Ponce, 1800-1850}, author={Francisco A. Scarano}, year={1984} } These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Allow at least 1 hour to walk around the ruins. Sugar production was completely finished when the US expropriated the lands of the last remaining sugar mill (Central Playa Grande) on Vieques in 1941. Some of the tour companies can give you a tour of the placeTry Blackbeard Sports, or The Vieques Conservation and Historical Trust occasionally offers tours of the Central Playa Grande Sugar Mill ruins. Reservations can be made from 9:00 a.m.5:30 p.m on Mondays through Fridays at 787-722-5882. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Map of the island of Porto Rico showing the lines of signal communication, telegraph, telephone, and Rand McNally 14 x 21 inch map of Porto Rico. D9926 U.S. In August 1899, two hurricanes devastated the island of Puerto Rico. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Near Ponce, Puerto Rico 1, cleared payment - opens in a new window or tab, - for PayPal Credit, opens in a new window or tab, Report this item - opens in new window or tab. Yabucoa Humacao Municipality Puerto Rico, 1941. Popular Copyright 2007-2023 PuertoRicoDayTrips.com Commission on industrial relations: final report and testimony United States. Includes list of operating railroads in Puerto Shows lighthouses' lighting range from coast. Includes index on verso. on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. "Based on map furnished by the War Department, Adjuntant General Office, Military Information Division." WebTaking time on a sugar plantation, Porto Rico. the Prints and Photographs Reading Room. Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico: The Plantation Economy of Ponce, 1800-1850 Office, 1916 by the Historic American Buildings Survey. and 2500 feet west of Emmaus Moravian Church.
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