These cartoons are grouped by the general sentiment they represent about William Jennings Bryan, his political campaigns, and his ambitions. This was close enough to the market value to make it uneconomic to export either US gold or silver coins. [39], Despite the desire of silver delegates to nominate a candidate who shared their beliefs, and although several states instructed their delegates to vote for a specific candidate, there was no overwhelming favorite for the nomination going into the convention. Three months later, at Memphis, an organization was perfected, and the silver Democrats went forth openly and boldly and courageously proclaiming their belief and declaring that if successful they would crystallize in a platform the declaration which they had made; and then began the conflict with a zeal approaching the zeal which inspired the crusaders who followed Peter the Hermit. Latuff here in this cartoon is showing the uncaring of the president to the country. The bill, as modified by amendments sponsored by Iowa Senator William B. Allison, did not reverse the 1873 provisions, but required the Treasury to purchase a minimum of $2 million of silver bullion per month; the profit, or seignorage from monetizing the silver was to be used to purchase more silver bullion. Image No. [49][50], Delegates, as they waited for the committees to complete their work, spent much of the first two days listening to various orators. The individual is but an atom; he is born, he acts, he dies; but principles are eternal, and this has been a contest over a principle. Bryan, a former Democratic congressman from Nebraska, gained his party's presidential nomination in July of that year after electrifying the Democratic National Convention with his Cross of Gold speech. That will give you criticisms. In a speech called "Cross of Gold," it is difficult to ignore the religious imagery that Bryan employs. It revealed that the U.S. had become a world power. Consciousness of grievances of years and not of months was reflected in the decisive action of the state Democratic conventions in the spring and early summer of 1896. Both men spoke to hundreds of thousands of people from their chosen venues. Once the convention came to order, Arkansas Senator James K. Jones, chair of the Committee on Resolutions, read the proposed platform to cheers by many delegates; the reading of the pro-gold minority report attracted less applause. BRYAN CARRIES ON THE SHOULDERS OF HIS ADMIRERS AFTER HIS ORATION. If they say bimetallism is good but we cannot have it till some nation helps us, we reply that, instead of having a gold standard because England has, we shall restore bimetallism, and then let England have bimetallism because the United States have. Mr. McKinley was nominated at St. Louis upon a platform which declared for the maintenance of the gold standard until it can be changed into bimetallism by international agreement. The income tax is a just law. They complain about the plank which declares against the life tenure in office. [68] He denied, however that the contest was personal; he bore no ill-will towards those who supported the gold standard. Much activity took place in advance of the formal opening as the silver and (vastly outnumbered) gold forces prepared their strategies. American cartoon by Grant Hamilton, 1896, on William Jennings Bryan's 'Cross of Gold' speech at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, which won Bryan the presidential nomination. "Strictly confidential, not to be quoted for publication: I will be. The warmest ties of love and acquaintance and association have been disregarded. Bryan considered this no loss at all; the focus of the convention was on the party platform and the debate which would precede its adoption. Cross of Gold speech, classic of American political oratory delivered on July 8, 1896, by William Jennings Bryan in closing the debate on the party platform at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago during the campaign for the presidential election of 1896. [19] Among those defeated for Senate was Bryan in Nebraska. He then lowered them, descended from the podium, and began to head back to his seat as the stillness held. Source: Official Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention Held in Chicago, Illinois, July 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, 1896, (Logansport, Indiana, 1896), 226234. The silver campaign of 1896 was a big controversy among the people. The merchant at the crossroads store is as much a businessman as the merchant of New York. Many in the public saw the bonds as benefiting bankers, not the nation. My God! Three months ago, when it was confidently asserted that those who believed in the gold standard would frame our platforms and nominate our candidates, even the advocates of the gold standard did not think that we could elect a President; but they had good reasons for the suspicion, because there is scarcely a state here today asking for the gold standard that is not within the absolute control of the Republican Party. Let me call attention to two or three great things. [7], The Coinage Act of 1873 eliminated the standard silver dollar. Political Cartoon featuring William Jennings Bryan carrying the "Cross of Gold . But if he means to say that we cannot change our monetary system without protecting those who have loaned money before the change was made, I want to ask him where, in law or in morals, he can find authority for not protecting the debtors when the act of 1873 was passed when he now insists that we must protect the creditor. Mr. Carlisle said in 1878 that this was a struggle between the idle holders of idle capital and the struggling masses who produce the wealth and pay the taxes of the country; and my friends, it is simply a question that we shall decide upon which side shall the Democratic Party fight. In 1921 (25 years after the original speech), he recorded portions of the speech for Gennett Records in Richmond, Indiana. William Jennings Bryan delivered his "Cross of Gold" speech at the Democratic National Convention in July of 1896 as part of his bid for the party's presidential nomination. So if they come to meet us on that, we can present the history of our nation. "And I needed it for the speech I was to make." The "Cross Of Gold" speech was a speech by William which helped propel the convention to nominate him as a Democratic presidential candidate. The gentleman who just preceded me [Governor Russell] spoke of the old state of Massachusetts. His subsequent canvass [campaign] for the United States senatorship in Nebraska was noteworthy and conspicuous on many accounts. [12] Although the economic Panic of 1893 had a number of causes, President Grover Cleveland believed the inflation caused by Sherman's act to be a major factor, and called a special session of Congress to repeal it. [54], Senator David B. Hill of New York, a gold supporter, was next. Cleveland tried to replenish the Treasury through issuance of bonds which could only be purchased with gold, with little effect but to increase the public debt, as the gold continued to be withdrawn in redemption for paper and silver currency. Delegates called for better-known speakers, such as Altgeld or Bryan, but were granted neither then; the Illinois governor declined, and the Nebraskan, once seated, spent much of his time away from the convention floor at the platform committee meeting at the Palmer House. (The cartoon appeared in the post-dated July 7 issue of Harper's Weekly, published in late June.) Cleveland friend and former Postmaster General Donald M. Dickinson wrote to the President in June 1896 hoping that the delegates would recognize "common sense" and be frightened at the thought of nominating a radical. Bryan also ran in the years 1900 and 1908 which became failures. The session was supposed to begin at 10:00a.m., but as delegates, slowed by the long commute from the hotels to the Coliseum and fatigue from the first two days, did not arrive on time, proceedings did not begin until 10:45. Why this change? We beg no longer; we entreat no more; we petition no more. As yet, no one at the convention had effectively spoken for that cause, which was paramount to the delegates. "[26], In early 1896, with the economy still poor, there was widespread discontent with the two existing major political parties. [27] The leader of those who left was Colorado Senator Henry M. Teller; he was immediately spoken of as a possible candidate for the Democratic nomination. It marked the first american victory over a European power. 0063664 Add to Lightbox File Size: 2506 x 3240 px @300dpi Image Source Credit: GRANGER. 2023 The Granger Collection LTD d/b/a GRANGER - Historical Picture Archive. Our website may have some collections that include images that are in the public domain, not protected by copyright or where the copyright ownership is unknown. You shall not crucify mankind on a cross of gold. The speech so electrified the convention that the delegates nominated Bryan as their candidate for president, though he was only 36 years old and his experience as an officeholder was limited to two terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. [97] Bryan won the South and most of the West, but McKinley's victories in the more populous Northeast and Midwest carried him to the presidency. One of the first candidates to appear widely on his own behalf, he was the original whistle-stop campaigner. In the late 1800's a populist movement was happening and people were starting to take notice. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Bryan's 1896 campaign was groundbreaking for more than his oratorical skill. Bound in semi-stiff boards covered in dark green washi paper, wit The Republican Party platform for the election, formulated at its convention in St. Louis in June, declared, We are unalterably opposed to every measure calculated to debase our currency. When the Democrats gathered a few weeks later, their platform called for the free and unlimited coinage of both silver and gold. In an eloquent plea for the coinage of silver and an attack on the thesis that gold was the only sound backing for currency, Bryan closed with the peroration, you shall not press down on the brow of labor this crown of thorns. For one thing, he began the 1896 convention without any official statusthe Democratic National Committee, which made the initial determination of which delegations would be seated, had chosen the pro-gold Nebraskans to represent their state. When the Republicans in June 1896 nominated former Ohio Governor William McKinley for president and passed at his request a platform strongly supporting "sound money" (the gold standard unless modified by international agreement), a number of "Silver Republicans" walked out of the convention. In his "Cross of Gold" speech, Bryan argued that the debate over monetary policy was part of a broader struggle for democracy, political independence and the welfare of the "common man." Bryan's speech was met with rapturous applause and a celebration on the floor of the convention that lasted for over half an hour. [20], Bryan had long planned to run for president. You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. The individual is but an atom; he is born, he acts, he dies; but principles are eternal; and this has been a contest of principle. Hamilton proposed a monetary system based on bimetallism, in which the new currency would be equal to a given amount of gold, or a larger amount of silver; at the time a given weight of gold was worth about 15 times as much as the same amount of silver. Congress did so, but the debates showed bitter divides in both major parties between silver and gold factions. Therefore, we care not upon what lines the battle is fought. [4] When silver prices rose relative to gold as a reaction to the California Gold Rush, silver coinage was worth more than face value, and rapidly flowed overseas for melting. Source 1 Political Cartoon "Swallowed" from Puck Magazine Source 2 Cross of Gold Political Cartoon Source 3 Photograph of a sod house Source 4 Political Cartoon, "The Grange . As he traveled by rail to Lincoln, he saw farmers and others standing by the tracks, hoping for a glimpse of the new Democratic nominee. There are those who believe that if you just legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous, that their prosperity will leak through on those below. It's a very famous speech and it was powerfully delivered, and was so . Bryan continued with language evoking the Civil War, telling his audience that "in this contest brother has been arrayed against brother, father against son. [97] Although McKinley outpolled him by 600,000votes, Bryan received more votes than any previous presidential candidate. We demand that the standard silver dollar shall be a full legal tender, equally with gold, for all debts, public and private, and we favor such legislation as will prevent for the future the demonitization of any kind of legal tender by private contract. His opponent, William Jennings Bryan (who Littlefield suggested was represented by the cowardly lion in The Wizard of Oz) was famous for his "Cross of Gold" speech. The issue was whether to endorse the free coinage of silver at a ratio of silver to gold of 16 to 1. Russell's address was inaudible to most of the Coliseum; he was ill and died just over a week later. It did not become unconstitutional until one judge changed his mind; and we cannot be expected to know when a judge will change his mind. That is the question which the party must answer first, and then it must be answered by each individual hereafter. The year 1894 saw considerable labor unrest. The gold men, though they possessed the machinery of the party, had neither the power nor the strength to challenge their opponents. Bryan made a speech called "Cross of Gold", which had a strong reaction with the audience and included religious imagery. This statement attracted great cheering, and Bryan turned to rhetorically demolish the compromise position on bimetallismthat it should only be accomplished through international agreement: It is the issue of 1776 over again. Nevertheless, large crowds gathered outside the public entrances; the galleries were quickly packed. If they say bimetallism is good, but that we cannot have it until other nations help us, we reply that, instead of having a gold standard because England has, we will restore bimetallism, and then let England have bimetallism because the United States has it. Question 9 30 seconds Q. [6], 8, [4] pages, wraps. But note the change. Jones deemed the Democrats likely to nominate a candidate who would appeal to the Populist Party, and Bryan had been elected to Congress with Populist support. Bryan, once seated, was Nebraska's representative to the Committee on Resolutions (generally called the "platform committee"), which allocated 80minutes to each side in the debate and selected Bryan as one of the speakers. [99], Bryan's speech is considered one of the most powerful political addresses in American history. [9], To advocates of what became known as free silver, the 1873 act became known as the "Crime of '73". 12, 18951904: Populism, Imperialism, and Reform (Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc., 1968), 100105. We reply that when we advocate a thing which we believe will be successful we are not compelled to raise a doubt as to our own sincerity by trying to show what we will do if we are wrong. Mr. McKinley was nominated at St. Louis upon a platform that declared for the maintenance of the gold standard until it should be changed into bimetallism by an international agreement. Trained as a lawyer, Bryan represented the state of Nebraska in the United States Congress, 1891-95. This takeover was considered far more important than was the choice of presidential candidate, and the committee decided to take no position on who should win the race for the nomination, reasoning that the victor, no matter who he was, would be a silver man. Never before in the history of this country has there been witnessed such a contest as that through which we have just passed. I had never had such an opportunity before in my life and never expect to have again. Critics contended that the inflation which would follow the introduction of such a policy would harm workers, whose wages would not rise as fast as prices would, and the operation of Gresham's law would drive gold from circulation, effectively placing the United States on a silver standard. We reply to them that changing conditions make new issues; that the principles upon which rest Democracy are as everlasting as the hills; but that they must be applied to new conditions as they arise. I am in favor of an income tax. In his address, Bryan supported "free silver" (i.e. [105] Author and political commentator William Safire, in his political dictionary, traced the term "trickle-down economics" (common in the Reagan era) to Bryan's statement that some believe that government should legislate for the wealthy, and allow prosperity to "leak through" on those below. The Washington Post newspaper recorded, "bedlam broke loose, delirium reigned supreme. The Republicans gained control of the House, as well as the Senate, which until 1913 was elected by the state legislatures rather than by the popular vote. Why, if they tell us that the gold standard is a good thing, we point to their platform and tell them that their platform pledges the party to get rid of a gold standard and substitute bimetallism. [101] According to rhetorical historian William Harpine in his study of the rhetoric of the 1896 campaign, "Bryan's speech cast a net for the true believers, but only for the true believers. He sent letters to national convention delegates, urging them to support silver, and enclosing copies of his photograph, writings, and speeches. The man who is employed for wages is as much a business man as his employer; the attorney in a country town is as much a business man as the corporation counsel in a great metropolis; the merchant at the cross-roads store is as much a business man as the merchant of New York; the farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, who begins in spring and toils all summer, and who by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of the country creates wealth, is as much a business man as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain; the miners who go down a thousand feet into the earth, or climb two thousand feet upon the cliffs, and bring forth from their hiding places the precious metals to be poured into the channels of trade are as much business men as the few financial magnates who, in a back room, corner the money of the world. William Jennings Bryan (nicknamed the "Boy Orator of the Platte" and "The Great Commoner") was a Nebraska politician and orator who rose to fame in 1896 when he secured the Democratic nomination for President of the United States. Albert Shaw, editor of The Review of Reviews, stated that after Bryan's nomination, many easterners professed not to have heard of him but: "If, indeed, they had not heard of Mr. Bryan before, they had failed to follow closely the course of American politics in the past eight years. My friends, we shall declare that this nation is able to legislate for its own people on every question without waiting for the aid or consent of any other nation on earth, and upon that issue we expect to carry every single state in the Union. [81] Bryan was urged by Senator Jones to allow it, but refused, stating that if his boom would not last overnight, it would never last until November. [10], Implementation of the BlandAllison Act did not end calls for free silver. [13], The effects of the depression which began in 1893, and which continued through 1896, ruined many Americans. Why? Informacin detallada del sitio web y la empresa: ydelecnormandie.com, +33974562807 Installation et rnovation de rseau lectrique Pont-Audemerr, Lisieux, Le Havre-lectricit btiment,Installation lectrique | SARL YD ELEC NORMANDIE [87], According to the New York World, "Lunacy having dictated the platform, it was perhaps natural that hysteria should evolve the candidate. If the gold standard is a good thing, why try to get rid of it? [52] Although Tillman endorsed silver, his address was so laced with sectionalism that most silver delegates remained silent for fear of being seen as supporting him. [27] However, part of his strategy was to remain inconspicuous until the last possible moment at the convention. You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. ( July 8, 1896 ), classic of American political oratory delivered by William Jennings Bryan ( Bryan, William Jennings) in closing the debate on the party platform at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago in 1896. Having behind us the commercial interests and the laboring interests and all the toiling masses, we shall answer their demands for a gold standard by saying to them, you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns. . The farmer who goes forth in the morning and toils all day, begins in the spring and toils all summer, and by the application of brain and muscle to the natural resources of this country creates wealth, is as much a businessman as the man who goes upon the Board of Trade and bets upon the price of grain. I say it was not a question of persons; it was a question of principle; and it is not with gladness, my friends, that we find ourselves brought into conflict with those who are now arrayed on the other side. He would subsequently win the Democratic nomination for president in 1900 and again . Burn down your cities and leave our farms, and your cities will spring up again as if by magic; but destroy our farms and the grass will grow in the streets of every city in the country.[76]. But note the change. The image that is selected for the analysis is from the pre-1856 epoch of US history, and it represents the imagination of the political and social life as it was imagined by artists. We go forth confident that we shall win. If you want criticisms, read the dissenting opinions of the Court. Political cartoons are generally regarded as a hypertrophied imagination of the political or social reality of the particular time epoch. Upon the side of the idle holders of idle capital, or upon the side of the struggling masses? They tell us that this platform was made to catch votes. It demonstrated the need for better communications in wartime. Why doesnt he tell us what he is going to do if they fail to secure an international agreement. [90], The Pullman Company offered Bryan a private car for his trip home; he declined, not wishing to accept corporate favors. The financial Panic of 1893 intensified the debates, and when President Grover Cleveland (a Democrat) continued to support the gold standard against the will of much of his party, activists became determined to take over the Democratic Party organization and nominate a silver-supporting candidate in 1896. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cross_of_Gold_speech&oldid=1138712489, United States National Recording Registry recordings, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using infobox event with unknown parameters, Pages using infobox event with blank parameters, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Bryan nominated for president by the Democrats, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 05:01. The convention the contest was personal ; he was ill and died just over a week later platform for... 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